Greetings. I would have thought (possibly naively) that StartTLS was unnecessary when connecting to slapd through a unix socket -- the client and the server are on the same machine, and so don't need to be reassured about each other's identity. However this seems not to be be the case: % ldapsearch -LLL -H ldapi://%2Fvar%2Frun%2Fopenldap%2Fldapi '(uid=foo)' ldap_sasl_interactive_bind_s: Confidentiality required (13) additional info: stronger confidentiality required (same result with ldapi:///). What am I misunderstanding? In the slapd.ldif I have: dn: cn=config objectClass: olcGlobal cn: config olcArgsFile: /var/run/openldap/slapd.args olcPidFile: /var/run/openldap/slapd.pid olcSecurity: ssf=128 olcTLSCertificateFile: /usr/local/etc/openldap/certs/XXX.crt olcTLSCertificateKeyFile: /usr/local/etc/openldap/certs/XXX.key olcTLSCACertificateFile: /usr/local/etc/openldap/certs/FOO olcLogLevel: 0 The machine is also listening on ldap://0.0.0.0 and requiring TLS. I don't see anything in the documentation which seems to suggest I can have different TLS rules on different interfaces or protocols (ie, ldap: vs ldapi:) -- am I just missing that? The /usr/local/etc/ldap.conf doesn't mention TLS, so the TLS requirement isn't coming in from there. My practical problem is that I'm trying to get nslcd (on the same machine) to talk to OpenLDAP locally. If there's a certificate problem I can sort that out, but I can't help feeling that that ought to be unnecessary -- that I'm missing something simple. This is 2.4.45 on FreeBSD. Best wishes, Norman -- Norman Gray : https://nxg.me.uk