I took time to install an OpenLDAP 2.4.31 package on the 2nd master, and now it all works fine, while the 1st master still runs OpenLDAP 2.4.23:
I've multi-master replication working in both ways for both backends (data & config).
So, it was not a system problem, although it looked like one.
I'll take time to upgrade the 1st server later.
Thank you all for your feedback.