I was preparing some more logging to show. You were *really* quick in your reply! :-)
Below more logging, and I will reply to your ACL question next.
Replication after setting the password:
Jun 26 16:35:59 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: conn=1163 fd=17 ACCEPT from IP=
192.168.16.36:45316 (IP=
0.0.0.0:636)
Jun 26 16:35:59 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: conn=1163 fd=17 TLS established tls_ssf=256 ssf=256 tls_proto=TLSv1.2 tls_cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Jun 26 16:35:59 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: conn=1163 fd=17 closed (connection lost)
Jun 26 16:36:09 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: do_syncrep2: rid=234 cookie=rid=234,sid=0dd,csn=20230626143609.891703Z#000000#0dd#000000
Jun 26 16:36:09 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: syncrepl_message_to_entry: rid=234 DN: uid=testuser,ou=Users,o=ldap,c=com, UUID: a8ccf30a-88d0-103d-8b70-5f35ddf1cc44
Jun 26 16:36:09 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: syncrepl_entry: rid=234 LDAP_RES_SEARCH_ENTRY(LDAP_SYNC_MODIFY) csn=20230626143609.891703Z#000000#0dd#000000 tid 0x7f68a6afd640
Jun 26 16:36:09 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: syncrepl_entry: rid=234 be_search (0)
Jun 26 16:36:09 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: syncrepl_entry: rid=234 uid=testuser,ou=Users,o=ldap,c=com
Jun 26 16:36:09 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: slap_queue_csn: queueing 0x7f689c10e190 20230626143609.891703Z#000000#0dd#000000
Jun 26 16:36:09 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: conn=-1 op=0 syncprov_matchops: recording uuid for dn=uid=testuser,ou=Users,o=ldap,c=com on opc=0x7f689c008f90
Jun 26 16:36:09 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: conn=1155 op=1 syncprov_matchops: skipping original sid 0dd
Jun 26 16:36:09 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: conn=1155 op=1 syncprov_matchops: skipping original sid 0dd
Jun 26 16:36:09 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: slap_graduate_commit_csn: removing 0x7f689c10e190 20230626143609.891703Z#000000#0dd#000000
Jun 26 16:36:09 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: syncrepl_entry: rid=234 be_modify uid=testuser,ou=Users,o=ldap,c=com (0)
Jun 26 16:36:09 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: slap_queue_csn: queueing 0x7f689c10a010 20230626143609.891703Z#000000#0dd#000000
Jun 26 16:36:09 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: slap_graduate_commit_csn: removing 0x7f689c10a010 20230626143609.891703Z#000000#0dd#000000
Failed authentication using the correct password:
Jun 26 16:36:26 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: conn=1164 fd=17 ACCEPT from IP=
192.168.16.36:46196 (IP=
0.0.0.0:636)
Jun 26 16:36:27 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: conn=1164 fd=17 TLS established tls_ssf=256 ssf=256 tls_proto=TLSv1.2 tls_cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Jun 26 16:36:27 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: conn=1164 op=0 BIND dn="uid=testuser,ou=Users,o=ldap,c=com" method=128
Jun 26 16:36:27 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: conn=1164 op=0 syncprov_matchops: recording uuid for dn=uid=testuser,ou=Users,o=ldap,c=com on opc=0x7f689c008ed0
Jun 26 16:36:27 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: slap_get_csn: conn=1164 op=0 generated new csn=20230626143627.270437Z#000000#0de#000000 manage=1
Jun 26 16:36:27 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: slap_queue_csn: queueing 0x7f689c110220 20230626143627.270437Z#000000#0de#000000
Jun 26 16:36:27 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: conn=1155 op=1 syncprov_qresp: set up a new syncres mode=2 csn=20230626143627.270437Z#000000#0de#000000
Jun 26 16:36:27 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: slap_graduate_commit_csn: removing 0x7f689c110220 20230626143627.270437Z#000000#0de#000000
Jun 26 16:36:27 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: conn=1155 op=1 syncprov_sendresp: to=0dd, cookie=rid=243,sid=0de,csn=20230626143627.270437Z#000000#0de#000000
Jun 26 16:36:27 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: conn=1155 op=1 syncprov_sendresp: sending LDAP_SYNC_MODIFY, dn=uid=testuser,ou=Users,o=ldap,c=com
Jun 26 16:36:27 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: conn=1164 op=0 RESULT tag=97 err=49 qtime=0.000015 etime=0.001002 text=
Jun 26 16:36:27 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: conn=1164 op=1 UNBIND
Jun 26 16:36:27 ldapserver1 slapd[409642]: conn=1164 fd=17 closed